The International Motor Show Germany or International Mobility Show Germany, in German known as the Internationale Automobil-Ausstellung (IAA – International Automobile Exhibition), is one of the world's largest mobility trade fairs. It consists of two separate fairs, that subdivided in 1991. While the IAA Mobility displays passenger vehicles, motorcycles and bikes, the IAA Transportation specializes in commercial vehicles. Before the separation, the show was held solely at the Messe Frankfurt.

In 2021, the IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA Mobility, and moved to Munich.

The IAA is organized by the Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) and is scheduled by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles (OICA), who recognize the IAA as one of the "big five" most prestigious auto shows worldwide.

History

At the turn of the 20th century

In 1897 the first IAA was held at the Hotel Bristol in Berlin, with a total of eight motor vehicles on display. As the automobile became more known and accepted, the IAA became a fixed event in Germany, with at least one held every year, usually in Berlin. From 1905 to 1907, there were two per year, as the production had increased to an industrial level. In the next years the show was suspended due to the ongoing World War I, and was then reinstated in 1921 with 67 automobile manufacturers displaying 90 vehicles under the motto "comfort".

Despite the still perceptible after-effects of the global recession, the 22nd IAA was held in Berlin in 1931, with a total of 295,000 visitors. For the first time the exhibition included front-wheel drive vehicles. In 1939, the 29th installation of the event gathered a total of 825,000 visitors – an all-time record at that time. The new Volkswagen was presented for the first time, which later came to be known as the Beetle. This was the last IAA before it was again suspended during World War II.

Post World War II

After World War II Germany and Berlin were divided. From 1947 to 1949, West Germany's automobile and accessories manufacturers took part in the export trade fair in Hanover. The automobile industry's hall acted like a magnet on the public, with a great number of visitors coming to the show. In 1951 the Verband der Automobilindustrie (VDA – Association of the German Automotive Industry) moved the IAA to Frankfurt and the federal State of Hesse purchased shares in the Messe Frankfurt. The trade fair was held in April and attracted a total of 570,000 visitors, with exhibits including the first HGV to have a turbo diesel engine. Just six months later, in September 1951, a second exhibition in Berlin was held, gathering 290,000 visitors. From then on, the German automobile industry bade farewell to its traditional exhibition site in Berlin and relocated the motor show completely to Frankfurt. The IAA was also rescheduled to only take place every other year.

In 1989 the last IAA to feature both passenger cars and commercial vehicles in one show confirmed that the exhibition site in Frankfurt was now too small for this major event. Almost 2,000 exhibitors squeezed onto an exhibition site measuring 252,000 square metres. More than 1.2 million visitors attended the event. Because of the high demand, it was no longer possible to meet exhibitors' requirements for adequate exhibition stands. In view of this, the VDA decided to split the IAA from now on, with a focus on passenger vehicles in odd years, and a focus on commercial vehicles in even years. The first IAA focused solely on passenger cars, held in 1991, was a huge success. A total of 1,271 exhibitors from 43 countries displayed their new products and innovations. With more than 935,000 visitors, the IAA Passenger Cars was extremely well attended. In the following year the first IAA Commercial Vehicles took place in Hanover, Germany. It saw 1,284 exhibitors from 29 countries and gathered 287,000 people, 66 per cent being trade visitors.

In 2001 the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York cast a shadow over the IAA Cars in Frankfurt. The exhibition went ahead all the same. As a mark of solidarity with the victims and their dependants, all show elements and loud music as well as the official opening ceremony with the Federal Chancellor were cancelled. VDA President Gottschalk explained this decision: "Because we could not permit terrorist forces to take away our freedom of action. And because, as a key international sector, we have a responsibility not to allow things to grind to a halt." In an impressive manner, the general public confirmed that this indeed was the right decision to take: more than 800,000 people visited this "quiet IAA".

In spite of the Great Recession, the IAA Cars 2009 proved to be a magnet for visitors. Around 850,000 people visited the auto show in Frankfurt, which greatly exceeded the target of 750,000. The headline "A Moving Experience" showed, where the mobility of tomorrow is heading. A huge number of options were presented at the IAA, ranging from the mild hybrid and the plug-in hybrid to the all-electric car, fuel cells and hydrogen power.

Developments in the 2010s

The 2010s were marked by the transformation of the automotive industry: In 2011 the 63rd IAA featured the all-new "Hall of Electric Mobility", a first-timer to all Motor Shows worldwide. Additional IAA-premieres included the Electric Mobility Conference as well as the CarIT Conference dealing with the issue of connected driving. This approach was repeated in 2013.

In 2015, the IAA introduced New Mobility World, a platform for the entire ecosystem of electric mobility, autonomous driving, connectivity and urban mobility. In the second week of the IAA, the emissions scandal (Dieselgate) became public. Until the IAA Cars 2015, exhibitor numbers were consistently above 1,000, and the number of visitors was 931,700.

The 67th IAA Cars 2017 – the first after the emissions scandal – was overshadowed by a loss of confidence in the German automotive industry. For the first time, the number of exhibitors fell below 1,000, while the number of visitors dropped to 810,000 – the worst figure since 2001. Meanwhile, New Mobility World grew significantly to 250 participating organizations, 200 conference speakers and 250,000 visitors. Since 2017, NMW's purpose was to not only to be Europe's leading innovation platform for future mobility, but also to develop and establish formats and business models beyond the booth rental of conventional auto shows.

This trend continued at the 58th IAA Cars 2019, with New Mobility World growing to over 400 participating organizations, doubling the number of attendees to 500,000, and increasing its international reach, with 62% of the 240 speakers and 47% attendees at the English-only conference coming from abroad. International media perceived New Mobility World to have "become the meeting point for the world's leading companies in automotive technologies and mobility" by now.

The IAA itself recorded only 560,000 visitors (including NMW), the number of exhibitors fell to 873, in particular due to a further loss of international exhibitors. It was also accompanied by much larger protests than in the past. According to the organizers, a total of 25,000 participants, 18,000 of them by bicycle, came to a demonstration on 14 September for a change in traffic policy; the police spoke of about 15,000.

The IAA Cars 2019 was the last IAA held in Frankfurt. In 2021, IAA adopted the New Mobility World concept, formats and business model, rebranded to IAA Mobility, and moved to Munich.

Change of venue location

2019 marked the final year that the IAA hosted its automotive exhibition in Frankfurt. In the several previous years, more and more manufacturers opted out of the IAA or greatly downsized their presence. The marques that specialise in high performance and luxury vehicles — such as Aston Martin, Bentley, Bugatti, Ferrari, and Rolls-Royce — were often the biggest draw at the IAA show, and they were absent from the several previous exhibitions. BMW had downsized its presence from 11,000 to 3,000 square metres. Since 2017, visitor numbers have almost halved, this, in addition to controversies such as Dieselgate and the global climate change issue, have prompted the IAA to change the scope of the exhibition and to pick a new venue. The rapidly decreasing number of visitors in the last several exhibitions reflected the waning enthusiasm for the IAA, along with prominent protests against the car industry by environmental activists.

The contract between Messe Frankfurt and VDA, the IAA organiser, expired in 2019. VDA chose not to renew the contract, citing the above reasons. Instead, VDA indicated its intention of moving its biannual automotive exhibitions to another city for 2021 onward. The final three candidate cities were Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich. Four other cities had also submitted bids but didn't make the final round: Cologne, Frankfurt, Hanover, and Stuttgart.

On 3 March 2020, VDA chose Munich. Munich beat out Berlin and Hamburg based on three criteria. Munich Airport is the second Lufthansa hub and has many direct international flights (second to Frankfurt); Munich is home to BMW and several other high tech industries such as Apple, Google, and many start-up companies; the city has 130,000 employees working in automobile industry. The Greens-led city council and Bavarian state government have given their support, along with 2/3 of people who responded to the survey. The event was planned to take place from 7 to 12 September, before the start of Oktoberfest, but was cancelled due to Covid. The IAA Mobility finally took place in September 2021.

Major vehicle introductions

1951

The following introductions were made at the 1951 show:

• BMW 501
• Automobiles Marathon prototype
• Mercedes-Benz W187
• Mercedes-Benz M186 engine

1953

The following introductions were made at the 1953 show:

• DKW 3=6
• Opel Olympia Rekord
• Mercedes-Benz W186
• BMW 501

1955

The following introductions were made at the 1955 show:

• BMW 503
• BMW 505 Prototype

1957

The following introductions were made at the 1957 show:

• DKW 600 (later called DKW Junior)
• Goggomobil T600
• NSU Prinz I
• Opel Kapitan#Kapitän P1
• Opel Rekord P1
• Maico 500 Sport
• Lloyd 600
• Goliath 1100
• Ford Taunus P2
• Borgward Isabella

1959

The following introductions were made at the 1959 show:

• BMW 700
• Borgward P100
• Mercedes-Benz W111 Sedan
• Porsche 356B T5

1961

The following introductions were made at the 1961 show:

• BMW 1500 Sedan
• BMW 3200 CS
• Glas 1004
• NSU Prinz 4
• Porsche 356B T6

1963

The following introductions were made at the 1963 show:

• Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint GT
• Glas 1700
• Glas GT
• NSU Prinz 1000
• Porsche 356C
• Porsche 901

1965

The following introductions were made at the 1965 show:

• Alfa Romeo 2600 De Luxe
• Glas 1700 TS
• Glas V8
• Mercedes-Benz W108
• NSU Typ 110
• Opel Kadett B

1967

• Dino Berlinetta Competizione concept

1969

The following introductions were made at the 1969 show:

• Audi 100 Coupé S
• Opel Coupe Diplomat concept
• Porsche 914

1973

The following introductions were made at the 1973 show:

• BMW 2002 Turbo
• Bitter CD

1977

The following introductions were made at the 1977 show:

• Ferrari 308 GTS
• Ford Granada Mark II
• Opel Rekord E

1979

The 1979 Show occurred in a tough year for the automobile industry, with a focus on decreased speed limits and conserving energy, with most of Western Europe on the brink of a severe recession. It also occurred at a time when car design was changing substantially, with hatchbacks and front-wheel drive becoming increasingly popular, as well as demand increasing for smaller "supermini" cars.

The following introductions were scheduled for the 1979 show:

1981

The following introductions were made at the 1981 show:

• Opel Manta 400
• Ferrari 512 BBi
• Renault 9
• Ford Granada (facelift)
• Audi Auto 2000 concept
• Bitter SC convertible
• Ford Probe III concept
• Mercedes-Benz Auto 2000 concept
• Opel Ascona C
• Opel Tech 1 concept
• Mercedes-Benz C126
• Porsche 944
• Setra
• Ford Fiesta XR2
• Ford Granada (limousine)
• Mercedes-Benz T2 (facelift)
• Daihatsu Charmant
• Daihatsu Cuore
• Fiat Ritmo
• Volkswagen Polo MK2
• Volkswagen Santana
• Volkswagen Passat
• Volkswagen Auto 2000 concept

1983

1983 was, in most of Western Europe, a year of recovery in the new car market, as the economy recovered from the recent recession. Many important new cars were launched at Frankfurt and elsewhere during 1983. Those launched elsewhere include the Austin Maestro, Fiat Uno, Nissan Micra, Peugeot 205 and Renault 11. The Opel Corsa (launched in Spain in September 1982) was also imported to the UK from April 1983, where it was sold as the Vauxhall Nova.

The following introductions were made at the 1983 show from 12 to 22 September:

• Alfa Romeo 33 1.5 4x4
• BMW M635 CSi (high performance version of the 635 CSi, launched in 1976)
• Fiat Regata
• Ford Sierra XR4i (fuel-injected, high performance version of the Sierra hatchback, launched in 1982)
• Mercedes-Benz 190E (new entry-level saloon in the Mercedes-Benz range)
• Opel Junior concept
• Renault Fuego Turbo (turbocharged version of the Fuego coupe, launched in 1980)
• Volkswagen Golf Mk2
• Zender Vision 1S concept (Audi Quattro based)

1985

The following introductions were made at the 1985 show:

• BMW M3 (high performance version of the 3 Series two-door sports saloon)
• Ferrari 328
• Ferrari Mondial 3.2
• Mercedes-Benz E Class estate
• Zender Vision 2 concept
• Porsche 959

1987

The following introductions were made at the 1987 show:

• Alfa Romeo 164 (flagship Alfa Romeo saloon, and the last of four cars to be developed on the Type Four platform with Fiat, Lancia and Saab)
• BMW Z1
• Ferrari F40
• Ford HFX Aerostar Ghia concept
• Lamborghini Portofino concept

1988

The following introductions were made at the 1988 show:

• Porsche 964 Speedster

1989

The following introductions were made at the 1989 show:

• Alfa Romeo SZ (high performance sporting coupe)
• BMW 8 Series (E31) (luxury sporting coupe to replace the long-running 6 Series)
• Fiat Uno (facelifted version of hugely successful supermini, in production since 1983)
• Land Rover Discovery (mid-range 4X4 in the Land Rover section of the Rover Group)
• Peugeot 605 (flagship saloon model in the Peugeot range)
• Rolls-Royce Corniche III
• Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit Mark II
• Rolls-Royce Silver Spur Mark II
• SEAT Proto T
• Toyota 4500GT
• Vauxhall/Opel Calibra (new front-wheel drive coupe from Vauxhall/Opel)
• Zender Fact 4 Biturbo concept

1991

The following introductions were made at the 1991 show:

• Audi Quattro Spyder concept
• Zender Fact 4 Spider concept

1993

The following introductions were made at the 1993 show:

• Audi Space Frame (ASF) concept
• Isdera Commendatore 112i

1995

The 1995 show ran from 14 to 24 September.

The following introductions were made at the 1995 show:

• BMW 5 Series (E39)
• Citroën Xantia Break (estate version of hatchback launched nearly three years earlier)
• Lada 2110 (German introduction)
• Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W210 version)
• Mitsubishi Carisma (first European built Mitsubishi, produced at a Dutch Volvo factory)
• Opel Corsa Eco 3
• Opel Vectra (first version to use the Vectra nameplate for Vauxhall-branded models in the UK, replacing the Cavalier name)
• Peugeot 406
• Renault Mégane
• SEAT Córdoba SX
• Granvia
• Volvo S40

1995 concept cars

• Audi TT Concept (entered production in 1998)
• Peugeot 406 Evidence
• Peugeot 406 Stadium
• Toyota Prius Prototype (entered production in 1997, imported to Europe from 2000)
• Zender Progetto Cinque
• Lotus Elise

1997

The 1997 show ran from 11 to 21 September.

The following introductions were made at the 1997 show:

• Alfa Romeo 156 (winner of the European Car of the Year award for 1998)
• BMW C1
• BMW Z3 Coupe
• Citroen Xsara
• Daihatsu Applause (2nd facelift)
• Land Rover Freelander (new entry-level model in the Land Rover section of the Rover Group)
• Mazda 626 Station Wagon
• Mercedes-Benz A-Class (W168)
• Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W202) (facelift)
• Nissan Patrol
• Nissan Primera (P11) station wagon
• Opel Astra (two years after the announcement of a prototype, entered production in early 1998)
• Porsche 911 Carrera (996)
• Renault Kangoo
• Rover 200 BRM
• Saab 9-5
• Smart Fortwo (pre-production)
• Škoda Octavia Combi (production started in early 1998)
• Toyota Corolla (E110) (European version)
• Volkswagen Golf Mk4
• Volvo C70
• Volvo V70 XC

1997 concept cars

• Audi Al₂ Concept that led to the 1999 Audi A2
• Daihatsu NCX, led to the Daihatsu Sirion
• Mini Prototype (entered production in 2000 under BMW ownership)
• Opel Zafira Concept (entered production just over a year later)
• Peugeot 806 Runabout Concept
• Proton Satria Cabriolet (concept)
• Toyota Funcargo, led to the 1999 Toyota Fun Cargo/Yaris Verso
• Toyota Funcoupe
• Toyota Funtime, led to the 1999 Toyota Vitz/Yaris/Echo
• Zender Escape 6

1999

The 1999 show opened on 16 September, and had nearly 1,200 exhibitors from 44 countries

The following introductions were made at the 1999 show:

• Audi A2
• Audi A8 D2
• BMW 3-series Touring (E46/3)
• BMW M3 E36
• BMW M5 E39
• BMW X5 (E53) (first SUV in BMW range)
• BMW Z8
• Chrysler PT Cruiser
• Citroën Saxo (facelift)
• Citroën Xsara Picasso
• Daewoo Nubira (facelift)
• Dodge Neon MK2
• Fiat Punto MK2
• Ford Cougar
• Ford Fiesta (facelift of 1995 model, itself a comprehensive facelift of the model first launched in 1989)
• Honda Accord Europe
• Honda S2000
• Honda Insight (Honda's first petrol-hybrid model)
• Hyundai Accent MK2
• Hyundai Tiburon (facelift)
• Isuzu Trooper (facelift)
• Jeep Grand Cheroke (facelift)
• Kia Clarus (facelift)
• Kia Joice
• Lancia Lybra
• Lexus IS200
• Lexus RX
• Mercedes-Benz A-Class Advantgarde (W168)
• Mercedes-Benz CL
• Mazda MPV MK2
• Nissan Almera MK2 (first British-built version of the Almera, entered production in early 2000)
• Nissan Almera Tino
• Nissan Terrano II (second facelift)
• Opel Astra G (coupe)
• Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220 (first two-seater sports car from Vauxhall/Opel, based on Lotus Elise chassis)
• Opel Omega (facelift)
• Peugeot 607 (new flagship saloon in Peugeot range)
• Porsche 911 Turbo
• Porsche Boxster S
• Renault Avantime (luxury sporting coupe/MPV crossover; entered full production in 2001)
• Saab 9-3 Aero
• Saab 9-5 Aero
• SEAT León
• Smart (marque) (cabrio)
• Subaru Forester (facelift)
• Suzuki Jimny MK3 (Canvas-Top)
• Škoda Fabia (Typ6Y)
• Toyota Celica (T230)
• Toyota Prius
• Toyota Yaris Verso
• Toyota MR2
• Volkswagen Polo (facelift)
• Volkswagen Lupo

1999 concept cars

• Bugatti 18/3 Chiron
• Citroën C6 Lignage (luxury saloon which was finally launched in 2005 as the Citroën C6)
• Opel Omega V8.com (never reached full production)
• Volkswagen Concept D (launched in 2002 as the Volkswagen Phaeton)
• Zender Thirty 7

2001

The 2001 show opened to international media on 11 September, with a series of concept and production vehicle debuts kicking off in the early morning. The following introductions were made at the 2001 show:

2001 concept cars

• Audi Avantissimo
• Citroën C-Crosser
• Ford Fusion Concept
• Jaguar R-Coupe
• Hyundai Clix
• Nissan mm.e
• Nissan Crossbow
• Opel Frogster
• Opel Signum2 concept
• Peugeot 206 SW concept
• Peugeot 307 SW concept
• Renault Talisman
• Saab 9-X
• SEAT Arosa Racer
• SEAT Arosa City Cruiser
• SEAT Tango
• Suzuki GSX-R/4
• Volvo PCC 2
• Zender Straight 8
  • Originally, the Opel Vectra C was due to début with the Saab 9-3, but in July 2001, it was announced that delays had forced General Motors to postpone the introduction. Both cars were eventually introduced in March 2002, at the Geneva Motor Show.

2003

For the first time, the passenger car-only exhibition in Frankfurt broke the barrier of one million visitors. It featured 2,000 exhibitors from 42 countries. The following introductions were made at the 2003 show:

2003 concept cars

• Citroën C-Airlounge
• Ford Visos
• Ford Focus Station Wagon Restyling (2003)
• Lancia Fulvia Coupé Concept
• Mazda Kusabi
• Mitsubishi i
• Nissan Dunehawk
• Opel Insignia Concept
• Peugeot 407 Elixir
• Renault Be Bop
• Saab 9-3 Sport Hatch
• Škoda Roomster
• Suzuki Concept S2
• Toyota CS&S
• Volkswagen Concept R

2005

The exhibition focused strongly on future solutions such as hybrid, hydrogen, flex-fuel and SCR technologies for reducing NOx emissions. There were around 940,000 visitors to the 2005 show. The following introductions were made at the 2005 show:

2005 concept cars

2007

The 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show's key theme was sustainable mobility.

The following introductions were presented at the 2007 show:

Hybrids

European automakers demonstrated a new interest in hybrid and electric vehicles at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show. For example, Mercedes-Benz arrived at the show with seven hybrids, including a luxury sedan concept vehicle called the F 700, a 17-foot (5.2 m)-long car that achieves a fuel economy of 44.4 miles per gallon (mpg). The research vehicle features a homogenous charge compression ignition engine, a technology that produces the high fuel economy of a diesel engine from a clean-burning gasoline engine. Mercedes has also mated its clean-diesel engine to an electric motor, creating the Bluetec hybrid. The company plans to introduce a gasoline-fueled hybrid SUV and sedan in 2009, followed by two Bluetec hybrids in 2010, one of which will achieve 51 miles per gallon of diesel fuel. In addition, the Mercedes Car Group exhibited its smart car in three new incarnations: an electric-only vehicle and both diesel and gasoline versions with "micro hybrid drive", a belt-driven starter and alternator that allows the engine to shut off at stops. See the DaimlerChrysler press releases about the auto show and the F700.

Opel, a subsidiary of General Motors, unveiled the Flextreme, a plug-in hybrid that can travel 34 miles (55 km) on its lithium-ion battery before a small diesel engine starts charging the battery. Opel also unveiled the Corsa Hybrid, a coupe that combines a belt-driven starter and alternator with a lithium-ion battery.

Volvo Cars, a division of Ford Motor Company, exhibited a plug-in hybrid with motors in each of the wheels. The Volvo ReCharge can travel about 60 miles (97 km) on battery power alone, using a lithium-polymer battery pack that can be recharged in a standard outlet.

The Citroën C-Cactus regular diesel-electric hybrid vehicle debuted at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show.

2009

The theme of the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show can best be summed up in one word: "electrification." Virtually every manufacturer has unveiled a vehicle using the latest battery technology.

The following introductions were presented at the 2009 show:

Production cars

2009 concept cars

2011

The 2011 show was held from 13 to 25 September. The 64th edition of the show included 1,012 exhibitors from 32 countries and was attended by more than 928,000 visitors from 105 countries, 36% of them being trade visitors, among those 80% from the automotive industry, plus more than 12'000 accredited journalists from 98 countries. 183 world premieres were unveiled.

Production cars

2011 concept cars

2013

The 2013 show took place from 10 to 22 September.

Nissan introduced a "smart watch" that measures the user's heart rate, temperature and other biometrics. It is also able to keep a watch on car data like fuel efficiency and average speed. It was developed by Nissan's Nismo laboratory. They currently capture live biometric and telematics data from Nissan racing cars and their drivers.

Production cars

2013 concept cars

2015

The 2015 show took place from 17 to 27 September.

Production cars

2015 concept cars

2017

The 2017 show took place from 14 to 24 September, with press days on the 12th and 13th.

Production cars

2017 concept cars

2019

The 2019 show took place from 12 to 22 September, with press days on the 10th and 11th.

Production cars

2019 concept cars

2021

The 2021 show took place from 7 to 12 September, with a press day on the 6th. Exhibitions are divided over seven locations around central Munich.

Production cars

2021 concept cars

2022

The 2022 show took place in Hanover from 20 to 25 September.

Production cars

• Ford E-Transit Custom
• Iveco eDaily
• MAN eTGE
• MAN eTruck
• Maxus T90EV
• Maxus Mifa 9
• Renault Trafic E-Tech
• Volkswagen Amarok

Concept cars

• Ford Pro Electric SuperVan
• Iveco Daily 4x4 Tigrotto
• Renault Hippie Caviar Motel

2023

The 2023 show took place in Munich from 5 to 10 September.

Production cars

• Opel Astra Sports Tourer Electric
• Opel Corsa Electric

Attendance

References

External links

• Official website