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List of mammals of peninsular Spain

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of 115 mammal species occurring in Spanish territory in the Iberian Peninsula. Seven species are endangered, thirteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. If the IUCN Red List status of a species in Spain differs from its global status, the status in Spain is shown next between brackets.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List:

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Suborder: Castorimorpha
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
  - Subfamily: Castorinae
    - Tribe: Castorini
      - Genus: Castor
        Eurasian beaver, C. fiber LC
Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
  - Subfamily: Sciurinae
    - Tribe: Sciurini
      - Genus: Sciurus
        Red squirrel, S. vulgaris LC
  - Subfamily: Xerinae
    - Tribe: Marmotini
      - Genus: Marmota
        Alpine marmot, M. marmota LC introduced
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
  - Subfamily: Leithiinae
    - Genus: Eliomys
      - Garden dormouse, E. quercinus NT
  - Subfamily: Glirinae
    - Genus: Glis
      - European edible dormouse, G. glis LC
Suborder: Myomorpha
- Family: Cricetidae (hamsters, voles, lemmings)
  - Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    - Genus: Arvicola
      - Southwestern water vole, A. sapidus VU
      - European water vole, A. amphibius LC
    - Genus: Chionomys
      - Snow vole, C. nivalis LC
    - Genus: Microtus
      - Cabrera's vole, M. cabrerae NT
      - Field vole, M. agrestis LC
      - Common vole, M. arvalis LC
      - Mediterranean pine vole, M. duodecimcostatus LC
      - Gerbe's vole, M. gerbei LC
      - Lusitanian pine vole, M. lusitanicus LC
    - Genus: Clethrionomys
      - Bank vole, C. glareolus LC
    - Genus: Ondatra
      - Muskrat, O. zibethicus LC introduced
- Family: Muridae (mice and rats)
  - Subfamily: Murinae
    - Genus: Apodemus
      - Yellow-necked mouse, A. flavicollis LC
      - Wood mouse, A. sylvaticus LC
    - Genus: Micromys
      - Eurasian harvest mouse, M. minutus LC
    - Genus: Mus
      - House mouse, M. musculus LC
      - Algerian mouse, M. spretus LC
    - Genus: Rattus
      - Brown rat, R. norvegicus LC introduced
      - Black rat, R. rattus LC introduced
- Family: Myocastoridae (coypu)
  - Subfamily: Myocastorinae
    - Genus: Myocastor
      - Coypu, M. coypus LC introduced

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
  - Broom hare, L. castroviejoi VU
  - European hare, L. europaeus LC
  - Granada hare, L. granatensis LC
- Genus: Oryctolagus
  - European rabbit, O. cuniculus EN

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
  - Genus: Atelerix
    - North African hedgehog, A. algirus LC introduced
  - Genus: Erinaceus
    - West European hedgehog, E. europaeus LC

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Greater white-toothed shrew, C. russula LC
    - Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC
  - Genus: Suncus
    - Etruscan shrew, S. etruscus LC
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Tribe: Nectogalini
    - Genus: Neomys
      - Southern water shrew, N. anomalus LC
      - Eurasian water shrew, N. fodiens LC
  - Tribe: Soricini
    - Genus: Sorex
      - Common shrew, S. araneus LC
      - Crowned shrew, S. coronatus LC
      - Iberian shrew, S. granarius LC
      - Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
  - Tribe: Desmanini
    - Genus: Galemys
      - Pyrenean desman, G. pyrenaicus VU
  - Tribe: Talpini
    - Genus: Talpa (genus)
      - European mole, T. europaea LC
      - Iberian mole, T. occidentalis LC

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Suborder: Microchiroptera
- Family: Vespertilionidae
  - Subfamily: Myotinae
    - Genus: Myotis
      - Alcathoe bat, M. alcathoe DD
      - Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini NT
      - Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii LC
      - Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii VU
      - Cryptic myotis, M. crypticus
      - Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii LC
      - Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC
      - Escalera's bat, M. escalerai LC
      - Greater mouse-eared bat, M. myotis LC
      - Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC
      - Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC
  - Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    - Genus: Barbastella
      - Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT
    - Genus: Eptesicus
      - Meridional serotine, E. isabellinus LC
      - Serotine bat, E. serotinus LC
    - Genus: Hypsugo
      - Savi's pipistrelle, H. savii LC
    - Genus: Nyctalus
      - Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT
      - Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC
      - Common noctule, N. noctula LC
    - Genus: Pipistrellus
      - Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii LC
      - Kuhl's pipistrelle, P. kuhlii LC
      - Common pipistrelle, P. pipistrellus LC
      - Soprano pipistrelle, P. pygmaeus LC
    - Genus: Plecotus
      - Alpine long-eared bat, P. macrobullaris NT
      - Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus LC
      - Grey long-eared bat, P. austriacus NT
  - Subfamily: Miniopterinae
    - Genus: Miniopterus
      - Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU
- Family: Molossidae
  - Genus: Tadarida
    - European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis LC
- Family: Rhinolophidae
  - Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    - Genus: Rhinolophus
      - Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT
      - Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC
      - Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC
      - Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - North Atlantic right whale, E. glacialis CR
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Blue whale, B. musculus EN
      - Sei whale, B. borealis EN
      - Fin whale, B. physalus VU
      - Minke whale, B. acutorostrata LC
  - Subfamily: Megapterinae
    - Genus: Megaptera
      - Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae LC
Suborder: Odontoceti
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
  - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
    - White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
  - Genus: Leucopleurus
    - Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Leucopleurus acutus LC
  - Genus: Steno
    - Rough-toothed dolphin, S. bredanensis DD
  - Genus: Stenella
    - Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba LC
    - Atlantic spotted dolphin, S. frontalis LC
  - Genus: Delphinus
    - Common dolphin, D. delphis LC
  - Genus: Globicephala
    - Pilot whale, G. melas DD
    - Short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus LC
  - Genus: Grampus
    - Risso's dolphin, G. griseus DD
  - Genus: Feresa
    - Pygmy killer whale, F. attenuata LC
  - Genus: Pseudorca
    - False killer whale, P. crassidens NT
  - Genus: Orcinus
    - Orca, O. orca DD
  - Genus: Tursiops
    - Common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus VU
- Family: Kogiidae (small sperm whales)
  - Genus: Kogia
    - Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps DD
    - Dwarf sperm whale, K. sima DD
- Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
  - Genus: Phocoena
    - Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena VU
- Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
  - Genus: Physeter
    - Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus VU
- Family: Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
  - Genus: Ziphius
    - Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris DD
  - Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
    - Genus: Hyperoodon
      - Northern bottlenose whale, H. ampullatus DD
    - Genus: Mesoplodon
      - Sowerby's beaked whale, M. bidens DD
      - Blainville's beaked whale, M. densirostris DD
      - Gervais' beaked whale, M. europaeus DD
      - True's beaked whale, M. mirus DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae
  - Subfamily: Felinae
    - Genus: Felis
      - European wildcat, F. silvestris LC
    - Genus: Lynx
      - Iberian lynx, L. pardinus EN
- Family: Viverridae
  - Subfamily: Viverrinae
    - Genus: Genetta
      - Common genet, G. genetta LC introduced
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
  - Genus: Herpestes
    - Egyptian mongoose, H. ichneumon LC
Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
  - Genus: Canis
    - Gray wolf, C. lupus LC
      - Iberian wolf, C. l. signatus
  - Genus: Vulpes
    - Red fox, V. vulpes LC
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
  - Genus: Ursus
    - Brown bear, U. arctos LC
      - Cantabrian brown bear, U. a. arctos
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
  - Genus: Procyon
    - Raccoon, P. lotor LC introduced
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  - Genus: Lutra
    - European otter, L. lutra NT
  - Genus: Martes
    - Beech marten, M. foina LC
    - European pine marten, M. martes LC
  - Genus: Meles
    - European badger, M. meles LC
  - Genus: Mustela
    - Stoat, M. erminea LC
    - European mink, M. lutreola CR
    - Least weasel, M. nivalis LC
    - European polecat, M. putorius LC
  - Genus: Neogale
    - American mink, N. vison LC introduced

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Wild boar, S. scrofa LC
Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Red deer, C. elaphus LC
      - Spanish red deer, C. e. hispanicus
  - Genus: Dama
    - European fallow deer, D. dama LC introduced
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
  - Genus: Capreolus
    - Roe deer, C. capreolus LC
Family: Bovidae
- Subfamily: Bovinae
  - Genus: Bison
    - European bison, B. bonasus NT
  - Genus: Bos
    - Aurochs, B. primigenius EX
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Ammotragus
    - Barbary sheep, A. lervia VU introduced
  - Genus: Capra
    - Iberian ibex, C. pyrenaica LC
      - Southeastern Spanish ibex, C. p. hispanica
      - Portuguese ibex, C. p. lusitanica EX
      - Pyrenean ibex, C. p. pyrenaica EX
      - Western Spanish ibex, C. p. victoriae
  - Genus: Ovis
    - European mouflon, O. aries introduced
  - Genus: Rupicapra
    - Pyrenean chamois, R. pyrenaica LC

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the area but continue to exist elsewhere:

Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus
Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus
Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx
Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus
Wild horse, Equus ferus