Susanna Hoffs

Susanna Lee Hoffs (born January 17, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. She, Debbi Peterson, and Vicki Peterson founded the Bangles in 1981. They released their first album All Over the Place on Columbia Records in 1984. Their second album, Different Light, contained the US number two single "Manic Monday" and number one single "Walk Like an Egyptian". The group's third album, Everything (1988), included the US top-ten charting "In Your Room" and number one "Eternal Flame", both written by Hoffs with Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly. Following tensions and resentment of Hoffs's perceived leadership, the band split in 1989, reformed in 1999, and released the albums Doll Revolution (2003) and Sweetheart of the Sun (2011).

Hoffs appeared in the films Stony Island (1978) and The Haircut (1982), both written by her mother, Tamar Simon Hoffs. She starred in the comedy movie The Allnighter (1987), directed by her mother, which was a commercial and critical failure. Her first solo album, When You're a Boy (1991), was followed by Susanna Hoffs (1996). Neither of the releases proved to be as popular as the Bangles' albums, although they yielded two charting singles in the US, the Top-40 hit "My Side of the Bed", and "All I Want". She later recorded several songs for movies, and formed the faux-British 1960s band Ming Tea with Mike Myers and Matthew Sweet, which performed in all three Austin Powers movies. Hoffs teamed with Sweet to produce three albums of cover songs. Her next solo album Someday (2012) was followed by the cover albums Bright Lights (2021) and The Deep End (2023).

Hoffs's first novel, This Bird Has Flown, a romantic comedy about a struggling musician, was published by Little Brown in 2023. It received favorable reviews, and Universal Pictures purchased the rights to the novel for a screen adaptation.

Early life

Susanna Lee Hoffs was born in Los Angeles, California, on January 17, 1959. She is the daughter of film director/writer/producer Tamar Ruth (née Simon) and Joshua Allen Hoffs, a psychoanalyst. Her family is Jewish. She is the couple's only daughter; they also have two sons: John and Jesse. She has said that her home environment "wasn't really traditional"; that it was an "atheist, intellectual, creative world"; and said that while her mother was religious and kept kosher, her father was secular. Her maternal grandfather, Ralph Simon, was a rabbi in Chicago and her maternal uncle, Matthew Simon, was rabbi emeritus for the B'nai Israel Congregation of Maryland—he marched with Martin Luther King Jr during the Civil Rights movement. Hoffs visited Israel for the first time at the age of 12 to see her grandparents, and she celebrated her bat mitzvah at the King David Hotel.

Hoffs learned ballet as a child, and started playing guitar in elementary school, learning chords from her uncle. She attended Palisades High School, and received a bachelor's degree in art in 1980 from the University of California, Berkeley, where she switched majors between dance, theater, film, and art. While in college, she worked as a production assistant and made her acting debut as part of a cast that included Richie Davis, Rae Dawn Chong, and Dennis Franz, in the 1978 film Stony Island directed by Andrew Davis and co-written by Hoffs's mother. With college friends, she attended the final Sex Pistols show at Winterland Ballroom, and a Patti Smith concert which inspired her to pursue a career in music.

Early career

The Psychiatrists and the Unconscious

In the late 1970s, while Hoffs was a student at UC Berkeley, she and then-boyfriend David Roback, a former schoolmate from Palisades High School, formed the duo the Psychiatrists, later changing their name to the Unconscious. In one account, Hoffs said that the short-lived group would perform for 50 minutes, to reflect the duration of "psychiatrists' hours", yet in a 2012 interview Hoffs said that this early group never performed in public.

The Bangs

There are different accounts of how Hoffs met the other musicians who became the Bangles. Hoffs either posted an ad in a local newspaper and left flyers at the Whisky a Go Go at a Go-Go's concert in search of potential bandmates, or Hoffs answered a similar ad asking for musicians to join a group. In the second scenario, the woman who advertised had previously been in a group with sisters Vicki and Debbi Peterson and shared a house with them. Hoffs elected to form a group with the Petersons rather than with the original advertiser, and they started the band in Hoffs's parents' garage in Brentwood, which had been refurbished as an apartment for Hoffs.

The band was originally called the Colours, but changed it to the Supersonic Bangs after Hoffs saw an article about 1960s hairstyles in an old copy of Esquire, and subsequently to the Bangs. Hoffs said that the group "liked the double-entendre of the name" and that "you can read a lot into it. There was something kind of gutsy about it". Meanwhile, Annette Zilinskas joined as the bass player alongside Hoffs on rhythm guitar, Vicki Peterson on lead guitar, and Debbie Peterson on drums. The group's musical influences included the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Hollies. Hoffs and the Petersons shared lead vocals. Hoffs remembers the band's first "real performance" was at Laird International Studios where Vicki was a secretary. They played at other venues in Los Angeles and San Fernando Valley, and recorded "Getting Out of Hand", which they released on their own label, Downkiddie in 1981, pressing 1,000 copies. In a 1987 Rolling Stone interview, Susan Orlean described the band's early audiences as "mostly boys, who appreciated their tough-enough music and playfully flirtatious stage presence". Author James Dickerson later characterized the group's loyal audience as "made up of horny high-school and college-age males who relished their in-your-face sexuality", and commented that the musicians had gained their success through their own efforts, without intervention from any man.

The Bangles

Miles Copeland of I.R.S. Records saw the Bangs at a show and signed them to his Faulty Products label. He had previously signed another group of women, the Go-Go's, whose albums had been commercially successful. In 1982, following a legal claim by another group called the Bangs, Hoffs and her bandmates changed their name again to the Bangles. Meanwhile, Faulty Products folded, and the band's self-titled EP was eventually released on I.R.S. Records in 1982. In 1983, the group was signed to Columbia Records, and Zilinskas left and was replaced by Michael Steele. Meanwhile, Hoffs played a role in the short comedy film, The Haircut (1982), starring John Cassavetes.

The Bangles released their first full album, All Over the Place, in 1984 on Columbia Records; it was acclaimed by critics but sold poorly. Their breakthrough was the 1986 single "Manic Monday", written by Prince, which reached number two on the US charts. This single was included on the album Different Light (1986), which was warmly received by critics and was certified double-platinum in 1987, then triple-platinum in 1994. "Walk Like an Egyptian" from the same album reached number one in the US in December 1986, and was their first American gold record single. Dickerson wrote that "Manic Monday" and "Walk Like an Egyptian" were more appealing to women and girls than the band's previous records had been. She first met Prince in 1984 and the pair spoke regularly. He attended some of the group's concerts and occasionally appeared on stage with them. Paul Evans and Ernesto Lechner of The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) opined that Hoffs had "mastered a singing style that combined pep, coy sweetness, and an occasional plaintive resonance".

In the music video for "Walk Like an Egyptian", during a close-up of Hoffs's face, she moves her eyes from side to side. Hoffs recounted that she had been looking at selected members of the crowd to counter stage fright, and had not realized it would be a focal point in the video. Tom Breihan of Stereogum wrote of the scene: "But it's so cool. It makes her look like she's up to some mischief." The television director Marty Callner later said: "I saw situations where one shot would make a star, like with Susanna Hoffs and 'Walk Like an Egyptian.' That thing she did with her eyes." In 2011, she said: "I guess it's become an iconic moment in that video, and I didn't even realize it was happening."

A 1986 London performance by the Bangles was reviewed by David Sinclair of The Times, who felt that the band "proved unconvincing in performance", although Hoffs "was by and large the best at creating a mood of emotional involvement. Her clear, fragile voice and coquettish enunciation were reminiscent of Stevie Nicks". In the same paper a few months later, Richard Williams also compared Hoffs to Nicks, writing that Hoffs's "dark eyes, dangerous pout and fancifully sexy costumes match her sultry voice" were reminiscent of the Fleetwood Mac singer, and concluding that Hoffs was "an equally obvious candidate for a successful solo career one day".

The Bangles had another US number two single with a cover of Simon & Garfunkel's "A Hazy Shade of Winter" released in late 1987 and reaching its peak position in February 1988. Following a successful tour, the group issued their third and final Columbia album Everything in 1988. The first single, "In Your Room", co-written by Hoffs with Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly, became a US top 10 hit. The same album included their second US number one, and second American gold record single, "Eternal Flame", which was also co-written by Hoffs, Steinberg and Kelly. Hoffs sang the studio recording of "Eternal Flame" naked due to producer Davitt Sigerson pranking her by telling her Olivia Newton-John had done the same thing. He later told Hoffs he had just been pulling her leg. As the studio was dark, and Hoffs was standing behind a sound baffle, she could not be seen.

Hoffs was lead vocalist on five of the seven Columbia singles by the Bangles. This, and an expectation that groups would have a primary vocalist, contributed to a public perception that she was a lead singer, even though all four members took lead vocals across their output, and Steele and Peterson did most of the talking between songs in concert. As she was significantly shorter than the other band members, photographs of the group tended to feature her at the front. She was the lead actress in The Allnighter (1987) and had Prince's attention. Orlean wrote that the cumulative effect was to "vault Susanna into beyond-Bangles celebrity status".

In 1989, while still popular, the Bangles disbanded to undertake individual projects. There had been tensions and disquiet in the group since the Different Light; they saw themselves as musical creators, but their biggest successes had been versions of songs written by others. The public perception of Hoffs as bandleader took a toll on group harmony. In an interview for a 2002 book, Hoffs pinpointed the stress of touring as the breaking point. In her account, she recalled that the band members were tired and reluctant to tour, but agreed to do so at the behest of their management and record company, and in response to demand from their fans. According to the book's authors Lee Miller and Jessica Miller, "The situation deteriorated so badly that they canceled the tour abruptly and the band split up. Susanna always blamed the stress of that final tour for the breakup".

Hoffs contacted the other members of the Bangles in the late 1990s with the hope of reuniting. In 2008, she told Andrew Murfett of The Age: "I wanted to do new Bangles music. I was driving the other girls crazy calling them. I didn't want to be a 'greatest hits' band. I wanted to write and sing new songs. That was really important to Vicki and Debbie, too. We didn't want to go on a 'Ladies of the 1980s' tour." The reunited Bangles played at a Beatles tribute concert conducted by George Martin, and recorded the single "Get the Girl" for the second Austin Powers movie in 1999. Subsequently, they announced their decision to reunite full-time in 2000. Hoffs recounted that following the experiences that led to the group disbanding in 1989, the band members agreed that each would have a veto on the group's proposed activities. Their fourth album, Doll Revolution, was released in 2003; despite positive reviews, it sold moderately well. The group embarked on a tour following its release. Their fifth album, Sweetheart of the Sun, was released in 2011; it received an average score of 69 on review aggregator site Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Evans and Lechner felt that the band "achieved gigantically the dubious triumph of sound over significance", and of the "inevitable reunion" that "even nostalgia has its limits". Robert Christgau rated all of the albums from their first incarnation B− or above and gave Doll Revolution three stars.

Solo career

Hoffs contributed lead vocals to covers of Bob Dylan's "I'll Keep It with Mine" and Lou Reed's "I'll Be Your Mirror" on Rainy Day's 1984 self-titled album. Led by David Roback, the project also included Vicki Peterson and members of other Paisley Underground bands: Dream Syndicate, the Three O'Clock, and Rain Parade. "I'll Keep It with Mine" was issued as the A-side of Rainy Day's only single.

In 1987, Hoffs starred in the comedy The Allnighter, directed by Tamar Simon Hoffs, which also featured Joan Cusack and Pam Grier. Glenn Kenny wrote in Video Review that Hoffs's character was "full of spunk" like her Bangles persona, but less "savvy", concluding that the movie was "unextraordinary and inoffensive". Whilst he felt that Hoff's acting abilities were on a par with her more seasoned colleagues in the cast, Patrick Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times argued that "It's her character we have trouble with", and disparaged the movie. The New York Times critic Janet Maslin panned the movie as "outstandingly dim". The film was also dismissed by Richard Harrington in The Washington Post, who declared she "makes an inauspicious leap from rock videos to the big screen; she's stiff, [and] self-conscious". The movie was commercially unsuccessful. Hoffs said she expected it to fare better as a home video, as the production was more suitable for home than cinema viewing. She later told journalist Chris Hunt: "It was such a low budget quickie thing, a cutesy little teeny-bopper movie. It wasn't a great movie but the whole experience of it was great."

In 1991, Hoffs released her first post-Bangles solo album, When You're a Boy. It begins with the Billboard Top 40 single "My Side of the Bed" (which also charted in the UK at number 44). It includes the track "Unconditional Love" and ends with a cover of "Boys Keep Swinging", the 1979 song written by David Bowie and Brian Eno. The album was a critical failure; it reached number 56 in the UK album charts but only number 83 in the US alvum charts. One upbeat assessment was provided by Alan Neister of The Globe and Mail, who found the album as good as the Bangles' best work: "Both as a songwriter and a song consumer, Hoffs has an ear fine-tuned to a great hook, and there isn't a song on this album that isn't hummable on the very first listen." In The Times, Sinclair felt that with the exception of the Bowie cover, the album was an "airbrushed exercise in boredom". It was rated as a "dud" by Christgau. Jimmy Nicol of Q Magazine gave the album four out of five stars and wrote, "An album which expands the Bangles' brief into undreamed of territories. She reveals herself to be a highly inventive composer, lyricist – and even humourist" yet in The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (2006), Colin Larkin gave the album 2 out of 5 stars, and argued that it "failed to maintain the interest of the mainstream fans who had discovered the Bangles in the wake of the smash single 'Eternal Flame', while simultaneously alienating the Paisley Underground loyalists with its AOR clichés". The Trouser Press Record Guide entry by Ira Robbins panned the album as a "no-holds-barred commercial bore".

Her second solo album, Susanna Hoffs was issued on London Records in 1996. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised it as an "infectious and engaging set of melodic pop that also happens to be Hoffs' most introspective and personal record to date". Wook Kim of Entertainment Weekly remarked that Hoffs "performs a small act of bravery" yet Larkin wrote that only one song, "King Of Tragedy", "had the edgy pop fizz of the Bangles' best work". Billboard reviewed the single, "Only Love", writing: "Energetic and harmonious ditty recalls heyday of '60s-era girl groups. Lots of fun."

Hoffs covered the Oingo Boingo song "We Close Our Eyes" for the Buffy the Vampire Slayer film soundtrack in 1992, and provided the title song for the 1995 film Now and Then. She also recorded her versions of Burt Bacharach songs for the soundtracks of two Austin Powers films – "The Look of Love" appears on the soundtrack of the first movie in 1997, Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery and "Alfie" is on the soundtrack of the third, Austin Powers in Goldmember. Hoffs also contributed covers of "The Water Is Wide" and Donovan's "Catch the Wind" for the soundtrack of Tamar Simon Hoffs's 2003 film Red Roses and Petrol.

Hoffs self-released her third solo album of new material (and her first full album since 1996), Someday, on her Baroque Folk label on July 17, 2012. It was distributed by Vanguard Records. American Songwriter gave Someday a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars and described it as "easily and undeniably Hoffs' most definitive musical statement to date". James Reed from the Boston Globe wrote: "Someday reminds you that Hoffs is perfectly suited to sunny, winsome material ... her performance on 'Someday' isn't that removed from how she sounded on say, 'Eternal Flame'." The tracks include a newly recorded version of "November Sun", which Hoffs had initially recorded for another unrealized album project in 2000. Produced by Mitchell Froom, the album is influenced by the music of the 1960s and features Davey Faragher and Pete Thomas from Elvis Costello's band, the Imposters, and keyboards and orchestration by Froom. Larkin wrote: "The Bangles folded in 1989 partly because Susanna Hoffs was being touted as the 'star' in a previously egalitarian band. It is ironic, therefore, that her solo career failed to come close to the success enjoyed by her old band." Hoffs contributed vocals to "One Voice", the end credits song for the film A Dog Named Gucci (2016), a track also featuring Norah Jones, Aimee Mann, Lydia Loveless, Neko Case, Brian May and Kathryn Calder. "One Voice" was released on Record Store Day, April 16, 2016, with profits from the sale of the single going to benefit animal charities.

Bright Lights, Hoffs's fourth studio album, was released on Baroque Folk Records in 2021. The record was produced by Paul Bryan and features versions of songs by Nick Drake, Michael Nesmith, Richard Thompson, Pete Ham and Tom Evans of Badfinger, and other songwriters. The album includes Name of the Game featuring Mann. Jonathan Keefe of In Review Online wrote, "Hoffs is in fantastic voice throughout the album" and praised the versatility of her renditions.

In 2023, Hoffs released her fifth solo album, The Deep End, produced by Peter Asher; The album includes interpretations of the Rolling Stones, Squeeze, and Lesley Gore and received favorable reviews; Lily Moayeri of Spin Magazine, wrote "Hoffs' voice is immediately recognizable, clear and sweet, hitting all the notes she did some 40 years ago. But her singular interpretations are so unique, they sometimes render the songs unrecognizable—in a good way". Gary Graff of Ultimate Classic Rock wrote that the album was a "delight, a demonstration of good taste and guts with Hoffs sounding as beguiling as she did lighting 'Eternal Flame' or having a 'Manic Monday' more than 30 years ago".

Hoffs co-wrote songs for the Go-Go's, Belinda Carlisle, and Bette Midler. She has contributed vocals on albums by such artists as Rufus Wainwright, Travis and the Lilith Fair: Celebration of Music compilation album (with Sarah McLachlin, Shawn Colvin, Emmylou Harris, and others). In 1992, she won Best Female Rock Vocalist at the Pro L.A. Music Awards.

Hoffs's debut novel, This Bird Has Flown, a romantic comedy about a struggling musician, was published by Little Brown in 2023. It received a favorable review from Beatriz Williams in the New York Times, who called it "the smart, ferocious, rock-chick redemption romance you didn't know you needed". Positive critical commentary also came from Mark Weingarten in the Los Angeles Times, Michael Schaub of NPR, and from Kirkus Reviews. Universal Pictures purchased the rights to the novel for a screen adaptation.

Other collaborations

Ming Tea

Mike Myers, musician Matthew Sweet, and Hoffs formed the core of the faux-British '60s band Ming Tea after Myers left Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s. With Myers developing the Austin Powers character he had created, and with Hoffs pausing her solo career, they first met to play informally and all adopted pseudonyms for the band – Sweet became Sid Belvedere, and Hoffs became Gillian Shagwell. The trio played live at nightclubs in Los Angeles. Myers' then-wife, Robin Ruzan, encouraged him to write a film based on the character. The result was Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, directed by Hoffs's husband Jay Roach. Ming Tea appeared in all three Austin Powers films and recorded the songs "BBC" and "Daddy Wasn't There" for two of the soundtrack albums.

With Matthew Sweet

Hoffs teamed with Sweet, as "Sid and Susie", to record several cover versions of classic rock songs from the 1960s for their album Under the Covers, Vol. 1 (2006). Hoffs and Sweet released a follow-up, Under the Covers, Vol. 2 in 2009, featuring songs from the 1970s by Fleetwood Mac, Carly Simon, and Rod Stewart, among others. Under the Covers, Vol. 3 was released in 2013, featuring cover songs from the 1980s, the decade when both of their careers began; the album included covers of songs by the Smiths, Pretenders, and Roxy Music. In 2013, Hoffs collaborated with Sweet and Tim Robbins on a recording of the traditional song "Marianne" for the sea shanty–themed compilation Son of Rogues Gallery: Pirate Ballads, Sea Songs & Chanteys.

Equipment

Before joining college, Hoffs started playing electric guitar, initially a Gibson SG. She decided to seek out a Rickenbacker because she liked the "really jangly, bright sound" and because the Byrds and the Beatles had used the brand, and purchased a 1960s model with black and white checked binding. She used this on the early Bangles recordings, but after some work on the guitar that affected its feel, she bought a Rickenbacker 325. On the cover of All Over the Place, Hoffs is depicted holding her Rickenbacker 325V63 guitar. Musicologist Peter Mercer-Taylor observed that it was "a black and white 6-string with three pick-ups and a hole for a vibrato bar, though the bar is not in place. Shortly after its 1963 appearance, this had become John Lennon's signature instrument". Mercer-Taylor considered this a "powerful metaphor" that showed the group were intent on "carrying the female ensemble into artistic terrain from which they had long been forbidden". Although Hoffs employed the 325 on some of the band's recordings, she found it hard to tune, and said that it "ended up being more of a video guitar". For some time, her main instrument was a borrowed Fender Telecaster, and she also used a Fender Stratocaster (including for live shows in 1984 and 1985); two Rickenbacker 350s and two Rickenbacker 620/12s (obtained during the Different Light sessions); and a Fritz Brothers Roy Buchanan Bluesmaster. She contributed to the design of a Susanna Hoffs model of the Rickenbacker 350 which the company released in 1988 and 1989. After the dissolution of the Bangles, Hoffs had a Taylor K22; she later worked with Taylor on the Susanna Hoffs Signature Series of guitars. She also has a 1966 12-string Guild Starfire which she felt provided an "incredible bright-but-warm sound" and used for tracks on Doll Revolution.

Personal life

Hoffs married filmmaker Jay Roach in 1993, and they have two sons, born in 1995 and 1998. Roach converted to Judaism when they married.

Hoffs inspired the Los Angeles–based rock band the Three O'Clock to write the song "The Girl with the Guitar (Says Oh Yeah)", included on their 1985 album Arrive Without Travelling. Alternative country artist Robbie Fulks wrote a paean to Hoffs titled "That Bangle Girl", appearing on his 2000 album The Very Best of Robbie Fulks.

Discography

Albums

Singles

EPs

Other appearances

Filmography

Notes

References

Citations

Books and journal articles

• Abbey, Cherie D.; Hillstrom, Kevin (2004). Biography Today: Performing Artists. Vol. 3. Detroit: Omnigraphics. ISBN 978-0-7808-0709-9.
• Evans, Paul; Lechner, Ernesto (2004). "The Bangles". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The new Rolling Stone Album Guide. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-7432-0169-8.
• Brennan, Luann; McConnell, Stacy, eds. (1998). Contemporary Musicians: Profiles of the People in Music. Vol. 22. Detroit: Gale Research. ISBN 9781414413051.
• Dickerson, James (2005). Go, Girl, Go! : The Women's Revolution in Music. New York: Schirmer. ISBN 978-0-8256-7316-0.
• Gaar, Gillian (2002). She's a Rebel: the History of Women in Rock & Roll (2nd ed.). New York: Seal Press. ISBN 978-1-58005-078-4.
• George-Warren, Holly; Romanowski, Patricia, eds. (2005). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll. Rolling Stone Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-9201-6.
• Hogan, Peter (1989). The Bangles. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-7119-1960-0.
• Larkin, Colin, ed. (1995). The Guinness Who's Who of Indie and New Wave (Second ed.). Guinness Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85112-657-9.
• Larkin, Colin, ed. (2006). "Hoffs, Susanna". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music. Vol. 4: Grenfell, Joyce–Koller, Hans (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-19-531373-4.
• Mercer-Taylor, Peter (May 1998). "Songs from the Bell Jar: Autonomy and Resistance in the Music of The Bangles". Popular Music. 17 (2): 187–204. doi:10.1017/S0261143000000593. S2CID 191623899.
• Miller, Lee E.; Miller, Jessica (2002). A Woman's Guide to Successful Negotiating: How to Convince, Collaborate, and Create Your Way To Agreement. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-138915-0.
• Burton-Faulkner, Kimberley (1998). "Mike Myers". In Pollock, Sean R. (ed.). Newsmakers '97. Detroit: Gale Research. pp. 327–330. ISBN 978-0-7876-0107-2.
• Robbins, Ira (1991). The Trouser Press record guide (4th ed.). New York: Collier Books. ISBN 978-0-02-036361-3.
• Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records. ISBN 978-1-904994-10-7.
• Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
• Bordowitz, Hank (2001). "Bangles, The". In Slonimsky, Nicolas; Kuhn, Laura (eds.). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. Vol. 1: Aalt – Cone. New York: Schirmer. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-0-02-865525-3.
• Strong, Martin (2000). The Great Rock Discography. Edinburgh: Mojo Books. ISBN 978-1-84195-017-4.
• Tannenbaum, Rob (2012). I Want My MTV: the Uncensored Story of the Music Video Revolution. New York: Plume. ISBN 978-0-452-29856-9.
• Warner, Jay (2006). American Singing Groups: a History from 1940s to Today. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. ISBN 978-0-634-09978-6.
• Whitburn, Joel (2013). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–2012 (14th ed.). Menomonee Falls: Record Research. ISBN 978-0-89820-205-2.
• Wiloch, Denise (1989). "Susanna Hoffs". In Gareffa, Peter M. (ed.). Newsmakers 88. Detroit: Gale Research. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-8103-2207-3.
• Zeck, Shari (1995). "21. 'The hero takes a fall': The Bangles and '80s pop". In Lont, Cynthia M. (ed.). Women and Media : Content, Careers, and Criticism. Belmont: Wadsworth. pp. 349–356. ISBN 978-0-534-24732-4.

External links

• The Bangles official website
• Susanna Hoffs at AllMusic
• Susanna Hoffs at IMDb