特拉比松帝国(希臘語:Αυτοκρατορία της Τραπεζούντας;喬治亞語:ტრაპიზონის იმპერია)创立於1204年4月,是從拜占庭帝国分裂出的三个帝国之一,持續了257年。特拉比松帝國的第一代君主阿历克塞一世是科穆寧王朝最後一位皇帝安德洛尼卡一世的孫子,他在第四次十字军东征时預見十字軍將攻取君士坦丁堡,便佔據特拉布宗獨立建國,声称继承了拜占庭帝国的法统而自号“罗马帝国”,但在尼西亚帝国收复君士坦丁堡后改国号为“全东方与伊比利亚及佩拉提亚帝国”。在地理上,帝国的版图从未超过黑海南岸地区。1461年,奥斯曼帝国穆罕默德二世进攻特拉比松,国王大卫·科穆宁投降,特拉比松帝国灭亡。
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