Jean Stas

Jean Servais Stas (21 August 1813 – 13 December 1891) was a Belgian analytical chemist who co-discovered the atomic weight of carbon.

Stas was born in Leuven and trained initially as a physician. He later switched to chemistry and worked at the École Polytechnique in Paris under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Dumas. Stas and Dumas established the atomic weight of carbon by weighing a sample of the pure material, burning it in pure oxygen, and then weighing the carbon dioxide produced.

In 1840, Stas was appointed professor at the Royal Military School in Brussels. He acquired international fame by determining the atomic weights of the elements more accurately than had ever been done before, using an atomic mass of 16 for oxygen as his standard. His results disproved the hypothesis of the English physicist William Prout that all atomic weights must be integer multiples of that of hydrogen. These careful, accurate atomic weight measurements of Stas helped lay the foundation for the periodic system of elements of Dmitri Mendeleev and others.

Following the pioneering work of Lavoisier and his statement of the conservation of mass, the prolonged and exhaustive experiments of Stas supported the strict accuracy of this law in chemical reactions, even though they were carried out with other intentions. His research indicated that in certain reactions the loss or gain could not have been more than from 2 to 4 parts in 100,000. The difference in the accuracy aimed at and attained by Lavoisier on the one hand, and by Morley and Stas on the other, is enormous.

In 1850, Stas gave the evidence that the Belgian Count Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé killed his brother-in-law by poisoning him with nicotine.

Stas retired in 1869 because of problems with his voice caused by a throat ailment. He became commissioner of the mint, but resigned in 1872 because he disagreed with the government's monetary policy. Jean Stas died in Brussels and was buried at Leuven.

• Foreign Member, Royal Society of London (1879)
• Davy Medal (1885)
• Streets named after him

On May 5, 1891 an event was held recognizing the 50th anniversary of Jean Servais Stas' membership in the Royal Academy of Belgium. Various presenters spoke about his significant scientific contributions. He was presented with a medal in his honor sculpted by Belgian engraver Alphonse Michaux and with an album containing accolades authored by scientific societies from around the world.

• Stas, Jean Servais (1894). L. W. Spring (ed.). Œuvres Complètes. Vol. 1. Brussels.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Stas, Jean Servais (1894). J. B. Depaire (ed.). Œuvres Complètes. Vol. 2. Brussels: Bruxelles [etc.] C. Muquardt.
• Stas, Jean Servais (1894). L. W. Spring (ed.). Œuvres Complètes. Vol. 3. Brussels: Bruxelles [etc.] C. Muquardt.
• Stas, Jean Servais (1865). Nouvelles recherches sur les lois des proportions chimiques : sur les poids atomiques et leurs rapports mutuels. Brussels: Bruxelles. M. Hayez

• Theodore William Richards
• Law of reciprocal proportions
• Mass spectrometry
• Toxicology

• Morley, Edward W. (1892). "Jean Servais Stas". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 14 (7). American Chemical Society: 173–189. doi:10.1021/ja02123a012. S2CID 4047133.
• Timmermans, Jean (1938). "Jean Servais Stas". Journal of Chemical Education. 15 (8): 353–357. Bibcode:1938JChEd..15..353T. doi:10.1021/ed015p353.- translated into English by Ralph Oesper

1. Jean Timmermans
2. Stas (surname)
3. Nicotiana tabacum
4. Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
5. Conservation of mass
6. Atomic mass
7. Toxicology
8. Law of reciprocal proportions
9. Leuven
10. 1813
11. Forensic chemistry
12. August 21
13. Theodore William Richards
14. Royal Military Academy (Belgium)
15. List of EastEnders characters (2021)
16. Hippolyte Visart de Bocarmé
17. Ramez Movie Star
18. Jean Sorel
19. 1891 in Belgium
20. Jean-Loup Chrétien