Diastolic heart murmur

Diastolic heart murmurs are heart murmurs heard during diastole, i.e. they start at or after S2 and end before or at S1. Many involve stenosis of the atrioventricular valves or regurgitation of the semilunar valves.

Types

• Early diastolic murmurs start at the same time as S2 with the close of the semilunar (aortic & pulmonary) valves and typically end before S1. Common causes include aortic or pulmonary regurgitation and left anterior descending artery stenosis.
• Mid-diastolic murmurs start after S2 and end before S1. They are due to turbulent flow across the atrioventricular (mitral & tricuspid) valves during the rapid filling phase from mitral or tricuspid stenosis.
• Late diastolic (presystolic) murmurs start after S2 and extend up to S1 and have a crescendo configuration. They can be associated with AV valve narrowing. They include mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis, myxoma, and complete heart block.

Individual murmurs

Early diastolic

Mid-diastolic

Late diastolic

References

1. Heart murmur
2. Austin Flint murmur
3. Presystolic murmur
4. Systolic heart murmur
5. Graham Steell murmur
6. Continuous murmurs
7. Carey Coombs murmur
8. Valvular heart disease
9. Aortic dissection
10. Mitral valve prolapse
11. Heart failure
12. Heart
13. Cabot–Locke murmur
14. Heart valve
15. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
16. Fourth heart sound
17. Third heart sound
18. Infective endocarditis
19. Mitral stenosis
20. List of cardiology mnemonics