Papilloma

A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) (papillo- + -oma) is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context, papilla refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).

When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), such as warts. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penis cancer, anal cancer, and HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Most viral warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection (HPV), of which there are nearly 200 distinct human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and many HPV types are carcinogenic. There are, however, a number of other conditions that cause papilloma, as well as many cases in which there is no known cause.

Signs and symptoms

A benign papillomatous tumor is derived from epithelium, with cauliflower-like projections that arise from the mucosal surface. It may appear white or normal colored. It may be pedunculated or sessile. The average size is between 1–5 cm. Neither sex is significantly more likely to develop them. The most common site is the palate-uvula area followed by tongue and lips. Durations range from weeks to 10 years.

Presence of HPV

Immunoperoxidase stains have identified antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 in approximately 50% of cases of squamous cell papilloma.

Prognosis

There is no evidence that papillomas are premalignant.

Differential diagnosis

• Intraoral verruca vulgaris,
• Condyloma acuminatum, and
• Focal epithelial hyperplasia.

Note: differentiation is done accurately by microscopic examination only.

Treatment

With conservative surgical excision, recurrence is rare.

See also

• Skin tag
• Inverted papilloma
• Squamous cell papilloma
• Urothelial papilloma
• Intraductal papilloma of breast
• Wart
  • Genital wart
  • Plantar wart
• Papillomavirus
  • Human papillomavirus

References

External links

• Choroid Plexus Papilloma - Palmer, Cheryl Ann and Daniel Keith Harrison; EMedicine; Jun 5, 2008

1. Shope papilloma virus
2. Squamous cell papilloma
3. Intraductal papilloma
4. Human papillomavirus infection
5. Inverted papilloma
6. Urothelial papilloma
7. Ductal papilloma
8. Choroid plexus papilloma
9. Verrucous cyst
10. HPV vaccine
11. Skin tag
12. Pearly penile papules
13. Laryngeal papillomatosis
14. Papillomaviridae
15. Bovine papillomavirus
16. Genital wart
17. Seborrheic keratosis
18. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
19. Condyloma
20. HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer