Spirama

Spirama is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.

Description

Antennae usually minutely fasciculate (bundled) in the male. The tibia is not hairy and mid-tibia spined. Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head and third joint naked. Thorax and abdomen smoothly clothed with hair. Forewings with nearly rectangular apex. Hindwings with vein 5 from the lower angle of the cell, which is rather short.

Defensive display

Some of the species, such as S. helicina, S. indenta, S. recessa, S. remota and S. sumbana, have a pattern on the wings that looks like the frontal view of the face of a snake with a slightly opened mouth. This pattern is more clearly discernible in females. It may intimidate potential predators and dissuade them from attacking.

Species

• Spirama biformis Hulstaert, 1924
• Spirama capitulifera Prout, 1919
• Spirama euphrages Prout, 1924
• Spirama euspira (Hubner, 1823)
• Spirama glaucescens Butler, 1893
• Spirama griseisigma Hampson, 1913
• Spirama helicina Hübner, [1831]
• Spirama inconspicua Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]
• Spirama indenta Hampson, 1891
• Spirama kalaoensis Swinhoe, 1904
• Spirama miniata Wallengren, 1856
• Spirama paecila (Guenée, 1852)
• Spirama recessa Walker, 1858
• Spirama remota Felder, 1861
• Spirama retorta Clerck, 1764
• Spirama sumbana Swinhoe, 1904
• Spirama triloba Guenée, 1852
• Spirama voluta Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874

Former species

• Spirama obscura Cramer, 1780 was moved to the genus Speiredonia in 2005.
• Spirama revolvens (Walker, 1858)

References

External links

• Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Noctuidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London.
• Savela, Markku. "Spirama Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
• "ハグルマトモエ Spirama helicina (Hübner, [1831])". Digital Moths of Japan.