Master of Medicine (MMed, MM) is a postgraduate professional clinical degree awarded by medical schools to physicians following a period of instruction, supervised clinical rotations, and examination. The degree usually takes three years to complete, but may take up to four years in some countries. It is awarded by only medical subspecialties and usually includes a dissertation component.before enrollment in this program,medical graduate has to pass the entrance test. The degree may complement an existing fellowship in the chosen specialty or be the sole qualification necessary for registration as a specialist.

The advantages of an MMed over membership certificated qualifications are that, whilst both groups are clinically competent at their levels, an MMed specialist can enroll into a four-year PhD plus fellowship and complete as consultants with a PhD, or do a two-year fellowship without a PhD. However, members of various professional colleges only advance to fellowship graduating as non-PhD consultants which reduces their academic ranking, as most universities insist on a PhD for their teaching staff. Another advantage of an MMed is that it takes less years to sub-specialise compared to professional membership which often hold practitioners as 'general specialists' even at fellowship level. It is envisaged by various clinicians who double as university teachers that, most professional colleges will soon adopt the MMed and Fellowship/PhD certification system.

As of May 2009, the following universities in the following countries award MMed degrees leading to specialists practice in the following subjects:

Australia

University of Queensland

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Queensland.

• MMed in General Practice
• MMed in Primary Care Skin Cancer Medicine

University of Sydney

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Sydney.

• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Sleep Medicine
• MMed in Critical Care Medicine

Monash University

The following MMed courses are available at the Monash University.

• MMed in Perioperative Medicine

P.R. China

Chinese Universities in collaboration with their affiliated hospitals award two categories of master's degrees of Medicine: Specialty MMed or Academic MMed degrees. Specialty MMed degrees are awarded after a supervised rotational training in the university's Affiliated Teaching hospitals and lead to registration as specialist. Academic MMed degrees on the other hand  are Research and Basic Sciences oriented, focusing more on medical laboratory research . Both qualifications are acceptable prerequisites for PhD enrolment. The entry requirements of both Specialty and Academic MMed programs are MBBS or related undergraduate medical qualifications.

Graduates of Specialty MMed qualifications can either choose to practise as specialist physicians and surgeons in their respective specialties or undergo subspecialty PhD/Fellowship training leading to an advanced specialisation practice as consultants. The most important condition for gaining admission into MMed program is the availability of supervising professors or consultants who are willing to mentor the student.

Guyana

Texila American University

The following MMed courses are available at Texila American University:

• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Pathology
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Anesthesia
• MMed in Ear Nose and Throat Surgery
• MMed in Diagnostic Radiology
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Immunology
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Neurology
• MMed in Dermatology
• MMed in Emergency Medicine
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopaedics
• MMed in Forensic Medicine
• MMed in Human Anatomy & Histo-Embryology

Kenya

University of Nairobi

Various MMed courses are available at University of Nairobi and Moi University.

Malaysia

University of Malaya

• MMed in Clinical Pathology
• MMed in Medical Physics
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Emergency Medicine
• MMed in Clinical Oncology
• MMed in Anaesthesiology
• MMed in Medical Science
• MMed in Nursing Science
• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Paediatrics Surgery
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology

Universiti Sains Malaysia

Medical Based Programs

• MMed in Anaesthesiology
• MMed in Emergency Medicine
• MMed in Family Medicine
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Radiology

Surgical Based Programs

• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopaedics
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Neurosurgery
• MMed in Plastic Surgery

Singapore

The Master of Medicine (MMed) is conferred by the National University of Singapore (NUS) Division of Graduate Medical Studies.

• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Surgery (may be taken jointly with the MRCS examinations)
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Occupational Medicine
• MMed in Public Health
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Family Medicine
• MMed in Diagnostic Radiology
• MMed in Orthopaedic Surgery
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Emergency Medicine

Sweden

Karolinska Institutet

The following MMed courses are available at the Karolinska Institutet

• MMed in Master's Programme in Public Health Sciences

Umea University

The following MMed courses are available at the Umea University

• MMed in Master's Programme in Biomedical Engineering

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

The following MMed courses are available at the KTH RIT

• MMed in Master's Programme in Technology, Work and Health

Lund University

The following MMed courses are available at the Lund University

• MMed in Master's Programme in Public Health Sciences

United Kingdom

University of Dundee

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Dundee

• MMed in Master's Programme in Medical Educations

Edge Hill University

The following MMed courses are available at the Edge Hill University

• MMed in Master's Acute Medicine
• MMed in Master's Adult and Later Life Psychiatry
• MMed in Master's Breast Radiology
• MMed in Master's Programme in Pain Management
• MMed in Master's Programme in Interventional Cardiology
• MMed in Master's Clinical Microbiology and Virology
• MMed in Master's Cross-Sectional Imaging
• MMed in Master's Forensic Psychiatry

University of Buckingham

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Buckingham

• MMed in General Medicine

South Africa

University of Cape Town

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Cape Town

• MMed in Occupational Medicine
• MMed in Public Health
• MMed in Anesthesia
• MMed in Anatomical Pathology
• MMed in Haematology
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Microbiology and Immunology
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopedics
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Radiology
• MMed in Radiation Oncology
• MMed in Surgery

University of Pretoria

The following MMed courses are available at the University of Pretoria

• MMed in Anaesthesiology
• MMed in Dermatology
• MMed in Emergency Medicine
• MMed in Family Medicine
• MMed in Geriatrics
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Medical Oncology
• MMed in Neurology
• MMed in Neurosurgery
• MMed in Nuclear Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopaedics
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Anatomical Pathology
• MMed in Chemical Pathology
• MMed in Clinical Pathology
• MMed in Forensic Pathology
• MMed in Haematology
• MMed in Medical Microbiology
• MMed in Medical Virology
• MMed in Plastic Surgery
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Public Health
• MMed in Radiation Oncology
• MMed in Diagnostic Radiology
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Paediatric Surgery
• MMed in Thoracic Surgery
• MMed in Urology
• MMilMed - Master of Military Medicine

Tanzania

Muhimbili University

The following MMed courses are available at Muhimbili University:

• MMed in Anesthesiology
• MMed in Anatomical Pathology
• MMed in Clinical Oncology
• MMed in Emergency Medicine
• MMed in Haematology
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Microbiology and Immunology
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopedics and Trauma
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Radiology
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Urology

University of Dodoma

The following MMed courses are available at University of Dodoma:

• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Microbiology and Immunology
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Surgery

Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College

The following MMed courses are available at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College:

• MMed in Anesthesiology
• MMed in Dermato-Venereology
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Orthopedics and Trauma
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Diagnostic Radiology
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Urology

Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences

The following MMed courses are available at Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences:

• MMed in Anatomical Pathology
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Orthopedics and Trauma
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Surgery

Uganda

Gulu University

The following MMed courses are available at Gulu University School of Medicine:

• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Psychiatry

Makerere University

The following MMed courses are available at Makerere University School of Medicine:

• MMed in Anesthesiology and Critical Care
• MMed in Family Medicine
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Medical Oncology
• MMed in Neurosurgery
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Otolaryngology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Surgical Oncology
• MMed in Urology

Mbarara University

The following MMed courses are available at Mbarara University School of Medicine:

• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery

Uganda Martyrs University

The following MMed courses are available at Uganda Martyrs University School of Medicine:

• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Emergency Medicine

Kampala International University

The following MMed courses are available at Kampala International University

• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Psychiatry

Busitema University

Busitema university has a Master of Medicine, Internal Medicine

Zambia

University of Zambia

The following MMed courses are available at University of Zambia:

• MMed in Pediatrics
• MMed in Clinical Pathology
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Internal Medicine
• MMed in Infectious Diseases
• MMed in General Surgery
• MMed in Urology
• MMed in Orthopaedics and Trauma
• MMed in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• MMed in Family Medicine
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Anaesthesiology
• MMed in Neurology

Zimbabwe

University of Zimbabwe

The following MMed courses are available at University of Zimbabwe:

• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Anaesthetics
• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Neurosurgery
• MMed in Urology
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Histopathology
• MMed in Radiotherapy and Oncology

Democratic Republic of the Congo

University of Lubumbashi

The following MMed courses are available at University of Zimbabwe:

• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Anaesthetics
• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Histopathology

University of Kinshasa

• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Anaesthetics
• MMed in Obstetrics & Gynaecology
• MMed in Paediatrics
• MMed in Surgery
• MMed in Neurosurgery
• MMed in Urology
• MMed in Otorhinolaryngology
• MMed in Medicine
• MMed in Psychiatry
• MMed in Ophthalmology
• MMed in Histopathology

See also

• Medical education

References

18. Ji T. The standardized residency training program and on-the-job application clinical medical professional degrees. Contin Med Educ. 2009;23:6–8. (in Chinese) [Google Scholar]

19. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. Law of the People's Republic of China on medical practitioners. 1999 PRC President Decree No 5.

20. Wu LJ, Peng XX, Wang W. The different roles of medical degrees in the career of doctors between UK and China. Academic Degrees and Graduate education. 2007;(10):42–6.[Google Scholar]

External links

• Post Graduate Medical Education Resources

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