State leaders in the 6th century BC – State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 5th century BC (500–401 BC).

Africa: North

Carthage

• Carthage: Magonids (complete list) –

• Hamilcar I, King (c.510–480 BC)
• Hanno II, King (480–440 BC)
• Himilco I, King ((in Sicily) 460–410 BC)
• Hannibal I, King (440–406 BC)
• Himilco II, King (406–396 BC)

Cyrene

• Cyrene (complete list) –

• Battus IV, King (515–465 BC)
• Arcesilaus IV, King (465–440 BC)

Egypt: Late Period

• Twenty-eighth Dynasty of the Late Period (complete list) –

• Amyrtaeus, Pharaoh (404–398 BC)

Kush

• Kush (complete list) –

• Amaniastabarqa, King (510–487 BC)
• Siaspiqa, King (487–468 BC))
• Nasakhma, King (468–463 BC)
• Malewiebamani, King (463–435 BC)
• Talakhamani, King (435–431 BC)
• Amanineteyerike, King (431–405 BC)
• Baskakeren, King (405–404 BC)
• Harsiotef, King (404–369 BC)

Asia

Asia: East

China: Spring and Autumn period (771–c.453 BC)

• Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

• Jìng, King (519–477 BC)
• Yuan, King (476–469 BC)
• Zhending, King (468–441 BC)

• Cai (complete list) –

• Zhao, Marquis (518–491 BC)
• Cheng, Marquis (490–472 BC)
• Sheng, Marquis (471–457 BC)
• Yuan, Marquis (456–451 BC)
• Qi, Marquis (450–447 BC)

• Cao (complete list) –

• Cao Bo Yang, ruler (501–487 BC)

• Chen (complete list) –

• Hui, Duke (6th–5th century BC)
• Huai, Duke (c.5th century BC)
• Min, Duke (5th century BC)

• Chu (complete list) –

• Zhao, King (515–489 BC)
• Hui, King (488–432 BC)
• Jian, King (431–408 BC)

• Jin (complete list) –

• Ding, Duke (511–475 BC)
• Chu, Duke (474–452 BC)
• Jing, Duke (451–434 BC)
• You, Duke (433–416 BC)
• Lie, Duke (415–389 BC)

• Lu (complete list) –

• Ding, Duke (509–495 BC)
• Ai, Duke (494–467 BC)
• Dao, Duke (466–429 BC)
• Yuan, Duke (428–408 BC)
• Mu, Duke (407–377 BC)

• Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

• Jing, Duke (547–490 BC)
• An Ruzi, ruler (489 BC)
• Dao, Duke (488–485 BC)
• Jian, Duke (484–481 BC)
• Ping, Duke (480–456 BC)
• Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)

• Qin (complete list) –

• Hui I, Duke (500–492 BC)
• Dao, Duke (491–477 BC)
• Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)

• Song (complete list) –

• Jing, Duke (516–451 BC)
• Zhao, Duke (450–404 BC)
• Dao, Duke (403–396 BC)

• Wey (complete list) –

• Ling, Duke (534–493 BC)
• Chu, Duke (492–481 BC)
• Zhuang, Duke (480–478 BC)

• Wu (complete list) –

• Helü, King (515–496 BC)
• Fuchai, King (495–473 BC)

• Yue (complete list) –

• Yunchang of Yue, King (?─497 BC)
• Goujian of Yue, King (496─465 BC)
• Luying of Yue, King (465─459 BC)
• Bushou of Yue, King (459─449 BC)
• Weng of Yue, King (449─412 BC)
• Yi of Yue, King (412─376 BC)

• Zheng (complete list) –

• Sheng, Duke (500–463 BC)
• Ai, Duke (462–455 BC)
• Gong, Duke (455–424 BC)
• You, Duke (423 BC)
• Xu, Duke (422–396 BC)

China: Warring States period (c.453–221 BC)

• Zhou, China: Eastern Zhou (complete list) –

• Zhending, King (468–441 BC)
• Ai, King (441 BC)
• Si, King (441 BC)
• Kao, King (440–426 BC)
• Weilie, King (425–402 BC)
• An, King (401–376 BC)

• Chu (complete list) –

• Jian, King (431–408 BC)
• Sheng, King (407–402 BC)
• Dao, King (401–381 BC)

• Han (complete list) –

• Wuzi, ruler (424–409 BC)
• Jing, Marquess (408–400 BC)

• Qi: House of Jiang (complete list) –

• Xuan, Duke (455–405 BC)
• Kang, Duke (404–386 BC)

• Qi: House of Tian (complete list) –

• Tai, Duke (404–384 BC)

• Qin (complete list) –

• Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC)
• Zao, Duke (442–429 BC)
• Huai, Duke (428–425 BC)
• Ling, Duke (424–415 BC)
• Jian, Duke (414–400 BC)

• Wei (complete list) –

• Wen, Marquess (445–396 BC)

• Zhao (complete list) –

• Xian, Marquess (424–409 BC)
• Lie, Marquess (409–387 BC)

Asia: Southeast

Vietnam

• Hồng Bàng dynasty (complete list) –

• Nhâm line, King (c.568–408 BC)
• Hùng Duệ Vương, King (408–258 BC)

Asia: South

India

• Magadha: Haryanka dynasty (complete list) –

• Bimbisara (c.544–c.492 BC)
• Ajatashatru (c.492–c.460 BCE)
• Udayin, King (c.460–c.440 BC)
• Anuruddha, King (c.440 BC–?)
• Munda, King (?–c.437 BC)
• Nāgadāsaka, King (c.437–c.413 BC)

• Magadha: Shishunaga dynasty (complete list) –

• Shishunaga, King (413–395 BC)

Sri Lanka

Asia: West

• Bosporan Kingdom:Spartocids dynasty (complete list) –

• Spartocus I, King (438–433 BC)
• Satyrus I, King (433–389 BC)
• Seleucus, King (433–393 BC)

• First Persian Empire: Achaemenid Empire(complete list) –

• Darius I, King of Kings (522–486 BC)
• Xerxes I, King of Kings (485–465 BC)
• Artaxerxes I, King of Kings (464–424 BC)
• Xerxes II, Great King, Shah (424 BC)
• Sogdianus, Great King, Shah (424–423 BC)
• Darius II, Great King, Shah (423–404 BC)
• Artaxerxes II, Great King, Shah (404–358 BC)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• Athens (complete list) –

• Dacia (complete list) –

• Charnabon, King (5th century BC)

• Illyrian Kingdoms (complete list)

• Grabos I, King of Grabei
• Sirras, maybe a son of Grabos, a prince, royal member and perhaps prince-regent of Lynkestis (Lyncestis) in Upper Macedonia for his father-in-law King Arrhabaeus (c. 423–393 BC)

• Epirus (complete list)

• Admetus, King (before 470–430 BC)
• Tharrhypas, King (430–392 BC)

• Macedonia: Argead dynasty (complete list) –

• Amyntas I, King (547–498 BC)
• Alexander I, King (498–454 BC)
• Alcetas II, King (454–448 BC)
• Perdiccas II, King (448–413 BC)
• Archelaus I, King (413–399 BC)

• Odrysian kingdom of Thrace (complete list) –

• Teres I, King (460–445 BC)
• Sparatocos, King (450–431 BC)
• Sitalces, King (431–424 BC)
• Seuthes I, King (424–410 BC)
• Amadocus I, King (408–389 BC)
• Seuthes II, King (405–387 BC)

• Sparta (complete list) –

• Ariston, King (c.550–515 BC)
• Demaratus, King (c.515–491 BC)
• Leotychidas, King (c.491–469 BC)
• Archidamus II, King (c.469–427 BC)
• Agis II, King (c.427–401/400 BC)
• Agesilaus II, King (c.401/400–360 BC)

Europe: South

• Roman Republic (complete list) –

• Syracuse (complete list) –

• Gelo, Tyrant (485–478 BC)
• Hiero I, Tyrant (478–466 BC)
• Thrasybulus, Tyrant (466–465 BC)
• Dionysius the Elder, Tyrant (405–367 BC)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Kingdom of Armenia (complete list) –

• Hidarnes II, King (early 5th century BC)
• Hidarnes III, King (mid 5th century BC)
• Artasyrus, King (5th century BC)
• Orontes I, Satrap (401–344 BC)

References