120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch), also known as 120×570mmR, is a common, NATO-standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns.
History
The 120×570R cartridge was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April1979, followed in September1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard.
Characteristics
The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases. These incorporate a short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case.
There are different ways to measure APFSDS penetration value. NATO uses the 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through).
High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)
High Explosive (HE)
Close Combat
Guided munition
Target Practice Tracer (TP-T)
Weapon platforms
Rh-120 L44 (Germany), used on the Leopard 2 and Type 90 MBTs
Rh-120 L55 (Germany), used on later Leopard 2 variants including the Leopard 2E
Rh-120 L55A1 (Germany), foreseen for the Challenger 3
M256 (United States), used on the M1 Abrams and M60-2000
M256E1 (United States)
XM360 (United States)
XM360E1 (United States)
CN120-25 (France), used on the AMX-32, AMX-40, and EE-T1 Osório
CN120-26 (France), used on the Leclerc
120 FER (France), tested on the VEXTRA POLE prototype
MG251 (Israel), used on the Merkava III
MG251-LR (Israel) used on the Merkava IV
MG253 (Israel) used on the M60 Sabra
OTO Melara-Breda 120/44 (Italy), used on the C1 Ariete
OTO Melara-Breda 120/45 (Italy), used on the B2 Centauro
CTG (Switzerland), used on the CV90120 and WPB Anders
CN03 (South Korea), used on the K1A2
CN08 (South Korea), used on the K2 Black Panther
MKE 120 mm tank gun (Turkey), used on the Altay (main battle tank)
Type 10 (Japan), used on the Type 10
See also
105×617mm tank gun ammunition
125 mm smoothbore ammunition used by Russia, China and Eastern Bloc
Notes
References
DIRECT FIRE AMMUNITION Handbook 2019, Project Manager Maneuver Ammunition Systems Archived 12 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine